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Perception of English prototypes in Czech and German mono-lingual speakers
Kučerová, Alžběta ; Lancová, Klára (advisor) ; Červinková Poesová, Kristýna (referee)
[The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and describe how semantic prototypes are transferred and perceived from L1 Czech and L1 German participants into their L2 English. This thesis attempts to pinpoint and describe whether there are differences in the perception of the prototypes in the two monolingual groups, with the main focus on typicality judgement, grammatical gender and prepositional prototypes. The main assumed source of differences is considered to be the said L1 language background. A questionnaire was created for both Czech and German participants with seven tasks testing the perception of prototypes in their L2 English and to see whether a L1 to L2 negative language transfer takes place. The analysis shows that in the perception of prototypes within typicality judgement exercises, the two tested L1 groups do not differ largely and that the size of one's specialized vocabulary and the fact, that English is their L2, not L1, seems to play a role. Nonetheless, at the scale of this research, it seems plausible to say that prepositional and grammatical gender prototypes are transferred into the participants' L2. More in-depth research on the topic is needed; however, to confirm or reject these findings.]
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Zobecnění objektově orientovaného paradigmatu zavedením morfologie objektů
Šlajchrt, Zbyněk ; Pecinovský, Rudolf (advisor) ; Merunka, Vojtěch (referee) ; Virius, Miroslav (referee)
Modeling protean objects, i.e. objects adapting their structure and behavior dynamically with respect to a changeable environment, is often challenging in traditional object-oriented languages. According to the author, the root cause of this problem lies in the class-based conceptual framework embedded in the foundation of the object-oriented para-digm. The proposed paradigm Object Morphology (OM) is greatly influenced by prototype theory developed in the field of cognitive psychology. OM abandons the notion of class and suggests, instead, that the abstractions of protean objects should be established through the construction of morph models describing the possible forms of those objects. This the-sis defines the theoretical foundations of OM, which is further used to specify the elements of prototypical object-oriented analysis. An important part of this work is also a proof-of-concept implementation of an OM framework in Scala.
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